Readings on law, finance and technology. Start with a question or explore the connections between topics.
Review the liquidation process, investor records and any fact-specific claims against responsible parties without conflating them.
Publication records and clearly labelled sample content.
In-depth work bringing together the rules, what changed and practical implementation steps.
DSSP 2.0.0 brings card information and transaction data, future-dated payment initiation and recurring payment initiation into the common open-banking infrastructure. This guide addresses licensing boundaries, customer consent, data use, API accountability and dispute evidence for banks and fintechs.
Article 50 has applied since 2 August 2026, requiring businesses to redesign product and publication workflows for direct AI interaction notices, machine-readable marking, deepfake disclosure and human editorial control over public-interest text.
What changes after UNCITRAL adopted its electronic-award texts on 6 July 2026, and how should a Turkish file address documents, evidence, enforcement, provisional attachment and recovery under the New York Convention and Law No. 5718?
A decision map for fintech founders, investors and licensed institutions covering Law No. 6493, the CBRT authorisation process, 2026 own-funds thresholds, product classification and ongoing compliance.
Official Designs Bulletin No. 492 dated 9 September 2026 starts a matter-specific three-month administrative opposition period for each published design. This guide brings together the statutory grounds, novelty and overall-impression tests, evidence chain, fee and submission stages, the Board decision and the two-month route to judicial review.
The European Commission’s first Guidelines on exclusionary abuses, adopted on 3 September and published as C/2026/4675 on 9 September 2026, require dominant businesses to reassess market power, contracts, pricing, platform and access decisions across evidence, defence, sanctions and damages.
The second phase of the EU design reform, in force from 1 July 2026, requires coordinated management of new representation rules tying protection to visible features, dynamic and animated files, multiple applications of up to 50 designs, priority and deferment calendars and matter-specific transitional provisions.
International protection is not a single filing exercise. Trade mark and patent routes differ in representation, address-for-service and national-stage requirements; the right structure makes the portfolio manageable from the outset.
The amendment of 11 February 2026 raised the filing thresholds while narrowing the technology-undertaking exception; updated guidelines published on 4 May 2026 clarify transaction parties, joint ventures and three-year aggregation.
Competition compliance in Türkiye in 2026 requires businesses to manage the 30% vertical safe harbour together with the four conditions in Article 5 of Law No. 4054, hardcore restrictions, dominant-firm conduct and the fining methodology effective from 27 December 2024.
How should copyright, employee and contractor contributions, written assignments, open source and the patent boundary be managed in one chain of title as software moves from idea to product?
Which legal and technical control layers should govern identity, data access, transaction authority, disclosure, logging and human approval in agentic systems?
Sample content is editorial draft material, not published work attributed to Faruk Aktay or current legal advice.
Contributions by Faruk Aktay and the Aktay team. Turkish titles and descriptions are editorial translations; original publications are in English.
Faruk Aktay’s contribution on connecting decision inputs, model versions and authority into a defensible evidence record.
Faruk Aktay
Publication announcement ↗Faruk Aktay’s Türkiye chapter. First published in ICLG – Vertical Agreements and Dominant Firms 2026, Global Legal Group.
Faruk Aktay
Read original publication ↗Faruk Aktay’s article examining visibility, control and enforceability in cross-border investment.
Faruk Aktay
Publication announcement ↗The Aktay team’s Türkiye contribution to the Law and Practice and Trends and Developments chapters.
Faruk Aktay · Ayşe Müge Aktay · İrina Gül Coşkun
Read original publication ↗Law and Practice and Trends and Developments chapters on banking regulation. An archive publication reflecting the 2024 framework.
Faruk Aktay · Müge Aktay · Ufuk Anıl Uyalhas · Metin Saki Uzun
Read original publication ↗Publications should be read in their historical context. This section contains bibliographic records and descriptions; full texts are available through the source links.
Law, finance and technology. Weekly, monthly and quarterly perspectives.